Anne Moody and the Black Panthers Essay - 2261 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;During the 1960s, many Black Americans drew attention to the inequalities among races in society. Protest groups formed and demonstrations highlighting discrimination towards dark people were a common practice for civil rights activists. Some activists believed non-violence was the only way to overcome, and others, such as Anne Moody and the Black Panthers, had a more aggressive attitude towards gaining freedom. In her autobiography, The Coming of Age in Mississippi, Anne Moody describes the hardships of growing up in the heavily racist South, and displays the â€Å"price you pay daily for being Black.† (p.361) She grows tired of seeing her Black companions beaten, raped, murdered, and denied their opportunity to†¦show more content†¦In general, they felt that African-Americans had been treated as second-class citizens since the end of the Civil War solely because they were Black. The Panthers developed a platform called the â€Å"Ten Point P rogram† that described the changes they demanded to see in American society. They wanted a country in which Black children are provided the same educational opportunities as White children, and thought that Blacks could only progress by being taught the true history of Black oppression in the U.S. They demanded that Black Americans have jobs that paid the same wages as Whites and weren’t limited to labor intensive positions. The party also felt that the police force instigated more conflict and violence than protection, and believed they needed to provide security for Blacks by themselves. Although they were known for using gun power when necessary, the Panthers envisioned a peaceful society under a just government where all races could live together. Simply put, the Black Panthers felt the United States government was not allowing Black Americans to the live in the land of equal opportunity, but rather denying them the freedoms and liberties constitutionally entitled t o them. The Black Panthers wanted African-Americans to be able to determine their destiny. Because the Black Panthers felt society and government were withholding African-Americans from social progress, they took some matters into their own hands. They promoted more justShow MoreRelatedAnne Moody s Influence On A Plantation1763 Words   |  8 PagesAnne Moody grew up in the south as a sharecropper on a plantation in the postwar south that still had Jim Crow controlling what the black population was able to do and what they couldn’t do. The Moody family was poor and was trying to make a living working for a white farmer. They and the other black plantation workers lived in a tiny two bed shack without electricity and plumbing, while the Carter’s house had both. Anne’s childhood was very difficult when her father decided to leave the family andRead MoreThe Anti War Of The Vietnam War1735 Words   |  7 Pagesmovements include, the New Left movement, Black Power and Women’s liberation movement. All three movements were initiated due to the negat ive effects of the Vietnam War on their needs, â€Å"suggesting that the American â€Å"system† was connected to the evolution of the war.† Therefore, one by one, these sub-movements in the Anti-war atmosphere against the political system led to the end of the democratic era and opened doors for the new conservatism. Black Power The black population in the United States facedRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Civil War1449 Words   |  6 Pagesthe rights they have because they are being treated wrong. One of the most famous groups in this time was Black Panther Party and National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. The NAACP is a group that want to fight for the rights of students to get equal rights in education because they know that the school system is wrong and making black students go to a school that is just black students that don t even have the same tools and supplies as some of the white school. At little Rock

British Airways Valuation - 8265 Words

Global Economic There is increasing confidence that the world economy is enjoying a classic cyclical recovery. Global economy is on a recovery path aided largely by the quick end to the Iraqi war, which generated positive outlook among markets and built up business and consumer confidence. GDP growth rate was 0.2% in the first quarter of 2003 in UK, growth rate for the second and third quarter went up to 0.6%, pointing to a growth rate of 2.0% end 2003. Unemployment rate has been decreasing to a rate at 4.7% according to the National Statistics with Inflation falls (September: CPI now 1.1%, RPI 3.1%) in 2004. UK government increases the interest rate to avoid inflation during past years. HM-Treasury in November 2003 forecasted the†¦show more content†¦The company s other activities include its range of aircraft maintenance, package holiday and airlines service offerings. 1.2 Competitors Porters ‘five forces competition model New Entrants Threat of new entrants Industry competitors Suppliers Buyers Bargaining power Intensity of rivalry Bargaining power of suppliers of buyers Substitutes Threat of substitutes Source: Porter (1985) British Airways PLC (BAY-LN) focuses on international and domestic scheduled and charter air services for the carriage of passengers, freight and mail. The Group s is globally allied and holds code share arrangements agreed with Finnair, Iberia and Cathay Pacific. In an attempt to compete backwards in order to better control competition. Analysis of the Airline Industry In order for a company to be able to compare itself with its rivals in terms of competition intensity and profitability, the five forces model can be used. This model is consisted of three ‘horizontal sources of competition these are the threat of substitutes, the threat of new entries and the competition among rivals. The other two ‘vertical sources of competition are the power of suppliersShow MoreRelatedHistory of British Airways3844 Words   |  16 PagesHistory: British Airways PLC is the largest international airline in the world. It is based at Heathrow Airport in London, the busiest international airport in the world, and has a global flight network through such partners as USAir in the United States, Qantas in Australia, and TAT European Airlines in France. Via its own operations and those of its alliance partners, British Airways serves 95 million passengers a year using 441 airports in 86 countries and more than 1,000 planes. British AirwaysRead MoreQantas Airways Ltd: Analysis and Valuation4978 Words   |  20 Pages†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.11 5.1 Key Financial Ratios†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11-12 6.0 Valuations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦15 6.1 Dividend Valuation Model†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦14-16 6.2 Price-Earnings(P/E) Model.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..17 7.0 Limitations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦18 8.0 Conclusions and Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...19 5.0 List of References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦20-22 APPENDIX 1 Qantas Airways Ltd – Key Facts†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.23-24 2 Ratio Calculations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreSituational Analysis Of Qantas Airlines Situational Analysis1211 Words   |  5 Pagesarea. In the local region, Qantas managed to outweigh its competitor by gaining a toll of 65% compared to its competitor. Evidently this shows Qantas is the number one preferred airlines compared to other competitor airlines like Virgin, Tiger Airways and Emirates airlines. However the situation is not the same in South East Asian region as Qantas only managed to obtain about 15% of market share compared to likes of Air Asia who leads the market share with 60% in this region. Conversely, this isRead MoreAirline and Virgin Atlantic Airways9278 Words   |  38 Pages1. Compare and contrast Virgin Atlantic Airway s strategic development with any other (non-virgin) airline. According to   (1980), firms are under great pressure to have modern plans to be competitive and should have adequate capability to achieve their target market share. Virgin Atlantic Airways is among the most successful business ventures of the Virgin empire owned by Richard Branson. Its strategic development is rooted on the need to surpass competitors while balancing financial resourcesRead MoreCases Questions1421 Words   |  6 PagesIntro. to Debt Policy Value* No Questions, but review M M Theory on debt and value of the firm. VIII. HBS Case- â€Å"Leveraged Betas and the Cost of Equity No Questions IX. C16- The Boeing 7E 7* 5 X. C26- Jet Blue Airways, IPO Valuation* 6 XI.a C35- Merton Electronics 7 XI.b C36- Carefour S. A.* 8 XI.c C44- Palamon Capital Partners* 9 XII. GM Dividend Policy Negotiation (Information to be provided by Dr. Kiss) * Note: Excel SpreadsheetsRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management3790 Words   |  16 Pagescompetitive advantage in the industry. Human Resources Management is the strategic management of the employees, who individually and collectively contribute to the achievement of the strategic objectives of the organization success. As in the case of British Airway, they use strategic human resource management to achieve organizational goal and success. They take many strategic decision and by thus able to reduce the operational cost, increase return on investment, offer employee training and healthcareRead MoreFinancial Analysis of British Airways4252 Words   |  18 Pages £9,278m to  £8,515m. Revenues fell for 3 consecutive years; at the end of 2004 revenues were  £1,718m or 19% lower than in 2001. The following years saw revenues rise  £955m or 13% above this. Let us now consider these changes in more detail. British Airways earns revenue from 3 published sources: Passenger services, cargo services and ‘other, being mainly fuel surcharges. Revenues fell their sharpest during y/e 31 Mar 2002, by 10.1% or  £938m. The atrocities of the terrorist attacks in New YorkRead MoreSocioeconomic Status in Brazil42043 Words   |  169 PagesBritish Airways Plc Annual Report and Accounts Year ended 31 December 2012 Company registration number: 1777777 This page has been intentionally left blank Contents Officers and professional advisers 1 Business review and Directors’ report Business review Management review Financial review Internal controls and risk management Directors’ report 2 5 8 12 Directors’ responsibilities statement in relation to the financial statements 14 Independent auditors’ report 15 Read MoreUnit 2 Managing Financial Resources and Decisions6487 Words   |  26 Pagescompany and enable investors make financial decisions. Ratios include gross profit margin, ROI and return on owners equity. Ratios provide information about a companys liquidity, profitability, debt, operating performance, cash flow and investment valuation. Also involved in financial planning is a good debt collection policy and also spending policy. Without financial planning a business will not know what it can achieve, afford and where it’s able to cut costs and operate more efficiently in theRead MoreRyanair: Its Vulnerability and Exposure to the Macroeconomic Environment2143 Words   |  9 Pagesthese higher oil prices by reducing costs across all other areas.† (Ryanair, 2008, p. 4) They are also exposed to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, the extent to which they made a loss of over â‚ ¬5m due to changes in the American dollar and British Sterling exchange rates against the euro. This exposure can be minimized by hedging with financial derivatives. Even though Ryanair incur costs that they have little control over such as fuel, â€Å"there are others that will influence the costs per

Habeas Corpus Free Essays

Habeas Corpus. The name of this play is quite strange, it made me think of death (corpse), maybe a hideous corpse. My first impressions when I heard that we were going to see the play were very confused. We will write a custom essay sample on Habeas Corpus or any similar topic only for you Order Now Written by Alan Bennett, Habeas Corpus was a play written by a playwright I had never heard of before, so I had no real expectations. The impressions I did have were completely different from the play I was presented with at the Theatre by the Lake. The theatre is in an idealistic setting in the heart of the Lake District, which is a main tourist area in the U.K., so this means that the majority of audiences will be mainly tourists on holiday and so will be from a wide range of backgrounds and a lot of different age groups. The venue was useful in the setting of the play. The set used a holiday theme and this was very effective and fitted in well with the plot of the play too. I didn’t know anything about the director, so I couldn’t think what sort of drama forms he might use. The performance spanned April to November, so I don’t think that the time of year it was presented in is important, as it would be for example a pantomime at Christmas, but it just so happened to be on in the busiest time of the tourist season, so the holiday theme was appropriate here too. The play was performed on an end-on stage, of average size with a proscenium arch and a large apron, which was used effectively throughout the performance to help the actors communicate directly to the audience. The set was arranged around an acting area painted in white upon the stage, this was so the entire audience could see the whole play without missing any action on the extremities of the stage. However this meant that when an actor made his/her entrance they had to reach the area before they could deliver their line and move on and off with speed. In the middle of the area, there was the main piece of furniture, a white psychiatrists’ chair that doubled up as a bench, bed, sofa and part of the pier. This was achieved by painting the bottom with a wood planking design, same as the stage to create an easily adaptable but bland stage not to detract from the actors’ performance. The backcloth was a board surrounded with different colored lights, the purpose of which I will explain later. The main reason was to make a postcard/cartoon effect in the middle was a picture of the sea with stuffed seagulls mounted on the front, to add to the surrealist feel. To portray the doctors house, there were three cartoon pictures came down from the ceiling one a skeleton, to remind the characters that death is always looming, a typical old man to remind them that we are all getting older and closer to death and a busty young woman with an hourglass figure to remind them to seize the moment. The plot was very complicated and I feel the best way to explain it briefly is to name the main characters and their role in ‘life’. Dennis- a confused, sexually deprived, geeky young man who is a typical hypochondriac and thinks he is going to die, but is desperate for love (mainly sex) before he does. He falls in love with the voluptuously beautiful Felicity a rich young woman whom wants to use Dennis by marriage before he dies to annoy her mother, also sex mad. Dr Wicksteed is Dennis’ father and a perverted doctor who likes nothing more than slyly touching up young rich paying patients, namely Felicity and is desperate for love before he dies. His wife Mrs. Wicksteed is in love with the head doctor Sir Percy Shorter, who doesn’t love her any more but finds lust in Felicity who turns out to be his daughter. There are also extra characters like Connie Dennis’s Aunt who is very pathetic (until she gets her wonderbra). She is engaged to The Perverted Vicar who preferred her when she looked like a boy. He also stared up the skirt of Felicity’s Mother on the train, she had a war time affai r with Sir Percy. Connie falls in love with the Wonderbra salesperson that is chased by Mrs. Wicksteed. Finally, there is the Suicide fanatic, a non-paying patient who is always trying to end his life via hanging throughout the play but finds no sympathy. The narrator is the Wicksteeds’ family cleaner Mrs. Swabb, who guides us through this otherwise confusing play with humour. Not surprisingly, the main theme in this play was sex and relationships. There were also: – marriage – love – death – promiscuity as main themes. The play was set in the early 1970’s when the promiscuous society was just becoming accepted. It was also very obviously a farce and a comedy even though it touched upon serious themes. The costumes reflected the characters that wore them. For example Dennis wore orange checked flares and a jumper too small for him, this symbolizes his inexperience and how he is still very much a youth, underneath he wore a dull red flowery shirt that went well with a purple jacket he used for the wedding. His make up was just spots all over his face and gel in his hair to make him appear greasy and unclean. All the characters wore colorful clothes, which stood out against the bland background apart from Connie who in the beginning wore brown unexciting clothes. This made her appear the same age as Dennis even though she was meant to be his Aunt. In the end though, she appeared in a spangled mini dress with fur and high heels, this showed that since she found love with the salesperson she had ‘come out of her shell’. Lighting was a main feature of the performance. For most of the time, there was just a main spotlight focusing on the acting area. . For special effects the lights I mentioned earlier, surrounding the backdrop were very important. In love scenes (e.g.-Where Connie and Sir Percy dance the Tango) the lights illuminated the stage in a soft red glow and when there was a game show section in the performance where they flashed on and off in different colors like a fairground. I found this very effective and it added variety to the performance. Sound was used very little in the production. One very effective use of sound and motion was when Connie opened her Wonderbra. Because it was made from the same material as the Apollo space crafts the music came on as the Apollo Mission Theme Tune and the actors ‘swooped’ down to see the content of the box in very slow motion. This was both comical and made it interesting. The only other music was to dance to and a heartbeat in the quiz. Also there were bombing sounds to resemble the blitz when Felicity’s mother was telling the story of how her and Sir Percy met. It gave the impression that you were there in the action as it was happening like when you were a child watching a good film. The rest of the actors were very still so they did not detract any attention from the story. Some of the drama forms used were subtle but worked well. Here is my favorite: -Still imaging- they made photographic poses around the centre of attention to focus our attention to the person and so we could see everyone in a way that was pleasing to the eye, colorful and interesting also this is related to the postcard theme of the set design. All the actors were very believable but not in a normal way. You know that they were too stereotypical to be true and that it was a farce but they still came through as real people. All the characters stood out to me in their own special way, and you could relate to all of them in some way so this made them interesting to watch. If you think about it, the farce comes out of laughing at your own faults and how stereotypical we are as much as we want to think we aren’t. This was the most important thing in the play, the way they looked at society was original. I really enjoyed Habeas Corpus, it was thought provoking and made you look at yourself in a different light. It made me laugh and delivered a serious message at the same time- don’t waste your life and seize every opportunity you get. How to cite Habeas Corpus, Papers Habeas Corpus Free Essays The attacks on American on September 11, 2001 was so horrible it left citizens in shock fear and despair. President Bush and his administration had no choice but to respond to ensure that Americans felt safe. It was very important for these terrorist to be brought to justice and pay for all the lives that were take on September 11, 2001. We will write a custom essay sample on Habeas Corpus or any similar topic only for you Order Now Bush’s administration proceeded to use extreme methods to find and punish whomever was involved in attacking innocent people, Rights were taken away and Habeas Corpus did not apply to anyone suspected of terrorism. Why is Habeas Corpus significant? Should anyone be denied due process? Habeas Corpus known as the Great Writ of Liberty. Fundamental of English law. Not in Bill of Rights, but is of such importance of all other rights. Without Habeas Corpus other rights are useless. Farmers knew what it was like to be attacked, labeled, and thrown away without their day in court. It’s a legal action or writ for unlawful imprisonment seeks relief. A. ) English Tradition- â€Å"Appears to be predominately of Anglo-Saxon common law origin. † Dates back to the Magna Carta of 1215 created to compel the appearance of the person in custody or have a day in court. Habeas Corpus was â€Å"originally the prerogative writ of the King and his courts. † Also prevents one from being locked up before trail. B. ) American Traditions- taking parts of all English practices and laws during the Revolutionary War; the Writ of Habeas Corpus was a part of colonies in New England. Its purpose was a â€Å"fundamental protection guaranteed by law to each citizen. † Constitution Article 1 Section 9 states â€Å"The privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended unless in Case of Rebellion or Invasion the public safety may require it.† The Writ of The Habeas Corpus according to the constitution gives all citizens the right to their day in court as well prevents citizens from being locked up at police or military discretion. The Writ of Habeas Corpus is to protect all citizens’ rights. Habeas Corpus is the â€Å"King† to all other rights and liberties as an American citizen. If one right to question imprisonment is questioned that all other rights fade away. Because if a President and Congress is allowed to take ones freedom without cause what else are they allowed to take. Habeas Corpus plays an important role in Supreme Court. It allows the president to make a decision that normally is not legal. The president is allowed to hold individuals he feels is a threat to the United States. Prior to Bush’s administration there’s only two cases of suspension of Habeas Corpus. President Lincoln suspended the Writ after Maryland tried to withdraw from the union which lead to chaos and violence. To protect the Union and the rest of the United States the Writ of suspension was legal because people was rebellion as well as jeopardizing public safety. Dividing the 1870’s under Presidents Ulysses Grant’s watch members of the Ku Klux Klan were violating rights of citizens therefore it was invading safety of people of color’s civil rights and liberties. The suspension of Habeas Corpus is relevant in today’s society for people that have intentions of destroying thousands of lives , but as well as important national monuments and millions and billions of dollars. Most importantly suspension of Habeas Corpus is and utilitarian. Some basic rights and liberties may be taken from thousands of citizen, aliens, and terrorist, but the suspension of Habeas Corpus is the best for the most people. According to the Anti-terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (AEDPA) anyone arrested and accused of terrorizing the country is allowed a year to claim Habeas Corpus. AEDPA also put the federal judicial system in between a rock and a hard place. Justices were only allowed to debate on what state and federal decisions not the rights of the accused. Individuals that have access to or a part of a group of a known terrorist organization are considered to be enemy combatants. This is worse when it’s during war time. They wanted to keep them out of the war. In the constituent it clearly states the right to due process. The Habeas corpus is a guideline for those with intentions of bringing harm to the citizens of the United States. During the war on terror â€Å"enemy combatants† are basically striped of all rights. Because they were held in Cuba President Bush’s administration created loop hole to hold these individuals. The entire process of interrogating enemy combatants is completely different from normal court proceedings. They are tortured and beaten until the government receives the information that are true. When these procedures were made I believe it was initially for the greater good, and should have followed the law over time it seemed to do more harm than good. False confessions, brutality, and wrongful convictions of the innocent open room for other attacks. If the government is allowed to manure the Constitution of the framer when they see fit. What happens to the rights accused of other crimes throughout the country? The Supreme Court’s interpretation of the right of Habeas Corpus. When it comes to enemy â€Å"combatants†. The interpretation on the case Boumedine vs. Bush the decision was 5 to 4 meaning they agreed with Bourmedine. The majority felt the decisions of Detainee Treatment Act is not enough reasons to alter the Habeas Corpus clause. They also feel that the Military Commission Act is not written in the Constitution so rights and liberties should not be violated The United States used foreign leased land to try and undermine the Constitution. Justices, Styens, Kennedys, Souter, Ginsburg, and Breyer did not fall for the trickery our President at the time nor was congress putting out there. These five men that made the majority defines why Habeas Corpus was created and why it’s important. The three branches of government all share power. NO one branch is more powerful that the others. Denying the judicial system to do what they were appointed to do showed how the President was over stepping his boundaries. The four justices that did not agree with the decisions are Justices: Roberts Jr. , Scalia, Thomas, and Alito. These men felt that letting enemy combatants utilize their legal rights will ultimately back fire on the United States. The majority feels that the Executive and Legislative branches was not allowing them to conduct their duty, but minorities felt as though they voted that way for power not the people. More lives will be lost due to this ruling according to Justice Scalia. All nice of these men have a complicated job. Win some and lose others but justice should continue to be served. In the United States our Commander in Chief is elected by the people. Being the president does not mean is above the law. The Presidents should be a leader for the country by abiding the laws of the land. He should also make laws according to the Bill of Rights as well as the Constitution. Make law and/or policies that is for the people not the government. The president does not have authority to arrest â€Å"enemy combatants† with no charge and hold them for eternity. His role is to appoint individuals that have the skills to track terrorists not to torture innocent people on a hope and wish. President Bush’s idea of Guantanamo did not prove to be positive. Almost three hundred if not more of American citizens or aliens have been tortured for years with no promise it will ever end. This is why the Supreme Court upheld Habeas Corpus for such individuals. The president’s role is to protect the lives and liberties of all American citizens but not deny right of those they chose by considering them enemy combatants. Congress never declared the war on terrorism but stood by the President because they felt something needed to be done to ensure the safety and lives of the people of the United States and around the world. If congress feels or have proof that individuals are invading or threating lives could possibly open a door to suspend a constitutional right. The suspension of Habeas Corpus states the privilege of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion of public safety may require it. If someone is accused and charge with doing any of these things the congress holds the right to suspend them. Not just because they believe it will be the best to keep these â€Å"animals† locked up forever. When the majority of justices made their decisions five to four in the case Boumediene vs. Bush justice was preserved. Under no circumstances should the President or congress invade the role of judges. The courts should be aware of the laws, right, and liberties of all citizens. If it’s a part of the United States or on leased land the courts makes decisions on quilt and innocence. Protecting the people is the man role of the Supreme Court. Under the constitution everyone deserves due process. If suspension of Habeas Corpus is in order then prove the cases in court with professional lawyers and judges. Electing military personal to conduct trial is not a fair trial because soldiers are obligated to follow orders. The war on terrorism was sort of necessary because the United States will not allow terrorist to over throw us. I feel that it was out of order for anyone’s rights to be disregarded. If holding known terrorist or those hiding terrorist at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba is done in accordance to the law no issue be questioned. The President and Congress had no intentions of following the law when it came to these detainees. In my opinion it was the reason the used Gitmo was used to torture and kill suspected enemy combatants. The Supreme Court made the right decision holing on the law on Habeas Corpus. If it wasn’t for persistence of important people it would have never been overturned. Anyone arrested, charged or detained for any reason should have their rights. No matter how terrifying the crime may be. It’s a complicated job running a country and trying to do what is right for society. Bush’s administration wanted those responsible to pay. Breaking laws or created them to hurt people is unconstitutional. The rights and liberties of any human being is not negotiable. Having better intelligence will prevent other attacks not the concept of Gitmo. Forcing people to take leads to false information and put more lives at risk. Unless one invades or rebel against the United States he is guaranteed due process and/or Habeas Corpus. How to cite Habeas Corpus, Papers

Reading Report on Jane Eyre free essay sample

Eyre By Charlotte Bronte Chinese version Beijing ,the People’s Literature Publishing House , 2000 1. The reasons why I selected the book is that this is the first full  Ã¢â‚¬â€œlength English novel that I read and I really admire the heroine Jane and her life story. 2. The amount of time I spent reading the book: about two weeks 3. Summary: The novel tells the story of an orphan girl. Jane Eyre, the daughter of a poor parson, loses her parents shortly after birth. She lives at the household of her aunt, treated rudely by her aunt Mrs. Reed and her children. After her uncle Mr. Reed’s death,Mrs. Reed sends her to a charity school in Lowood. Maltreated by the authorities, Jane stays there for 8 long years. Then Jane gets a position of governess in the family of Mr. Rochester, a rich squire. Rochester falls in love with Jane, and she with him. We will write a custom essay sample on Reading Report on Jane Eyre or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They are about to be married when Jane breaks the engagement on the wedding day and flees away, learning that Mr. Rochester has a mad wife secretly locked in the house. After going through a lot of hardships on the moors, she is taken in and cared for by Rev. Rivers, who helps her get a job as teacher in a village school. Meanwhile, Mr. Rochester loses his sight in a fire set by his mad wife. Hearing that Mr. Rochester is penniless and disabled, Jane hurries to him and lives a happy life with him. 4. Comment: Jane Eyre is consider to be an autobiographical realistic novel with a strong romanticism. In this novel, the author demonstrates readers a new women who striving for independence and equality. Through the portrayal, Charlotte sets a new role model for women of Victorian times as well as modern age. The plot of this novel is undoubtedly intricate and fascinating, but what makes the majority of female readers attracted to it is the heroine’s personality. Jane is brave, firm and sensible in pursuit of her love, liberty, and equality. She sweeps the world away to be with Mr. Rochester and believes in pure truer love, though her lover is blind and disable she is still there with him. Women were discriminated against by men at that time, the new feminine image Jane Eyre challenged men’s authority. Charlotte is remarkable in portraying Jane Eyre as a rebellious girl who takes self-esteem, self-assertiveness, self-respect  and perseverance very seriously. She arranges the character of the  mad  woman  in  the  attic  implicitly  and  skillfully. Actually, â€Å"the  mad  woman  in  the  attic† can be understood as another side of Jane’s personality or a devil lives in Jane’s heart which makes her personality more complete. Jane’s royalty to love is the most admirable personal charm to me. Her reliance upon conscience is justified not only by her final happiness but by Rochester’s coming to believe that she had been correct to refuse his unsanctioned love. (491words)

The Capital Structure Decision and the Cost of Capital Essay Sample free essay sample

Advantages and Disadvantages of Debt funding Advantages The biggest advantage of debt funding is that it allows the laminitis to stay the proprietor without sharing the control with anyone else as it is the instance with equity funding. The proprietor can take determinations on his ain without holding to confer with or be influenced by anyone and therefore enjoys full authorization. The proprietor doesn’t have to portion the net incomes from operations with anyone and therefore can maintain it to himself or reinvest in the concern as it is to his ain advantage. There are no claims to the net incomes except for the installments owned to the debitor. The life of claims to the net incomes is limited till the loan is exhausted including the interested after that the full net incomes earned remain with the proprietor. in contrast to equity funding where net incomes are shared among the stockholders throughout the life of the concern. We will write a custom essay sample on The Capital Structure Decision and the Cost of Capital Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As the company pays off its debt in clip it improves it recognition evaluation. which helps it to get fundss in future. as fiscal establishments prefer companies with high recognition evaluations to widen loans. The disposal of debts is easier as it does non necessitate you to execute complex processs. and fix certain studies sporadically to portion information with the stockholders. the lone disposal required is to refund the sum within the given clip restraints. The involvement disbursal is revenue enhancement deductible hence debt funding increases the net net incomes for the company. ( Ross. Westerfield. Jordan. and Jordan. 2003 ) Disadvantages The biggest disadvantage of debt funding is that it requires refunds at regular intervals which may turn out to be a hard duty for new companies as they may non hold regular hard currency flows and may default their payments and will subsequently hold to pay terrible punishments imposed through the contract. Not run intoing payments in clip will besides ache the company’s recognition evaluation and may do jobs for it to get funding in future. . ( Ross. Westerfield. Jordan. and Jordan. 2003 ) Lenders normally extend loans to established companies for their repute hence it is a job for newer companies to get loan and have to set heavy collaterals to acquire them. Interest is an disbursal that a company has to pay for the loan and it may do its interruption even point to lift and may make jobs at the clip of crisis where hard currency flows are few. The Affect of Debt funding on needed rate of return As explained by the Modigliani-Miller theorem the cost of equity additions with the addition in debt funding. This is due to a simple ground that company’s increased dependance on debt increases its exposure. because if the company is non able to run into the needed payments in clip it may hold to confront several effects including selling off of assets. hence the degree of hazard attached with puting in the company increases. For this ground the investors now requires a higher rate of return as compensation for the sum of hazard that he bears for puting in the company. ( Lacey and Chambers. 2007 ) As the revenue enhancements are included in this theoretical account the relationship between the hazard. debt and cost of capital remains the same but it raises superciliums at the company’s terminal as they witness that as debt additions replacing equity in the capital construction of a house the leaden norm of cost of capital ( WACC ) starts dropping as equity is eliminated and so is the cost attached to it and we end up accomplishing the optimum capital construction at a point where the capital construction of the house comprises 100 % of debt. This evidently holds true under the premises made for revenue enhancement payments that it will be most good for the company to wholly trust on debt for financing it undertakings. Optimum Capital Structure Capital construction refers to how a house has financed its assets. it comprises of two basic constituents debt and equity mixed in certain proportions. The optimum capital construction refers to such a mixture that maximizes the value of the house. ( Ghosh. 2007 ) There are two basic determiners of Optimal Capital Structure: The revenue enhancement deductibility advantage of debt funding acts as a major attractive force for fiscal directors to fund the assets through debt The hazard associated with higher debt to the steadfast acts as a neutralizer. hence keeping the directors to wholly trust on debt and affect equity alternatively Harmonizing to the Modigliani-Miller theorem the optimum capital construction for any steadfast comprises 100 % of debt but it is non applicable in the existent universe in fact no proper expression can be calculated for any company to compose its capital construction. It depends from company to company and from state of affairs to state of affairs. ( Lacey and Chambers. 2007 ) The Case For the nutrient supermarkets company I have chosen Wal-Mart. it one of the largest corporations in the universe in services industry. It focuses on supplying broad assortment of merchandises under one roof at the lowest possible monetary value. it targets an mean adult male with a center and lower category income while non burying the upper category every bit good. It operates all over United States and has shops in legion states every bit good. the focal point of its service is availability and monetary value hence net income borders remain low. The company can afford a high debt ratio because it has a uninterrupted hard currency flow. it increases with seasons such as the vacations but else remains consistent throughout. I recommend a high debt ratio because due to uninterrupted hard currency flows it has an increased ability to pay off its debt and hence minimising the hazard of defaulting the payments. while making so it required return on equity may increase but as the debt rep laces the equity the WACC decreases supplying an Optimum Capital construction that comprises of a higher proportion of debt. For the vesture company I have chosen Nike. it manufactures athleticss dress for both work forces and adult females. its operations are expanded all over the universe. Costss are minimized by outsourcing the fabrication to states offering inexpensive labour. it targets people involved in athleticss and promises high quality athleticss good. the merchandises offered are good priced and surely non inexpensive hence its mark market are people belonging to middle to upper categories of income. Since it is an dress company that offers exclusivity and quality it can put a high monetary value and can hold high net income borders but it can besides easy be affected by a alteration of gustatory sensation in people or loss of involvement in a peculiar athletics hence hard currency flows although high but are non that assuring. sing that the company should keep a average debt ratio as the hard currency flows will be maintained but will non be consistent still the company will be able to run int o its payments. hence the optimum capital construction for Nike should hold about equal proportions of debt and equity. ( Ghosh. 2007 ) Marriott International was my pick for Hospitality Company ; the company offers hotels at all monetary values from extremely priced suites to cheap motel suites. It attracts people who travel a batch. corporate clients and tourers. since cordial reception concern is greatly affected by the political and legion events the exposure remains high. hence the company should keep a low debt ratio sing the fact that hard currency flows are non that assuring and holding a high debt ratio will expose the company to unneeded hazard. So the optimum capital construction for Marriott International must largely consist of equity for funding. As debt is a direct index of the hazard for puting in a peculiar company hence based on my recommendations. the beta for Wal-Mart should be comparatively high. for Nike should be comparatively low and for Marriott should be comparatively lower. As all three companies are immense and have certain reputation attached to their names hence their beta should be and is comparatively low to the market. Mention: Ghosh. Arvin ( 2007 ) .Capital Structure and Firm Performance. Piscataway. New jersey: Transaction Publishers. Ross. Stephen A. . Westerfield. Randolph W. Jordan. Bradford D. A ; Jordan. Bradford ( 2003 ) .Necessities of Corporate Finance + Self Study CD-ROM + PowerWeb. McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Lacey. Nelson J. . A ; Chambers. Donald R. ( 2007 ) .Modern Corporate Finance: Theory A ; Practice. Hayden-McNeil Publication.

Ways in which activities of international firms threaten sustainable development. The WritePass Journal

Ways in which activities of international firms threaten sustainable development. Introduction Ways in which activities of international firms threaten sustainable development. ) Ways in which activities of international firms threaten sustainable development. The issue of whether activities of international firms exert pressures on environment has fueled much of the ongoing debate on international trade and environment (Kirkpatrick et al. 2004). On one side, international firms are seen to contribute to sustainable development  whereas on the other hand, they serve as impediments to this transition. Some of the benefits of international trade include increased investment flows and production of goods in which a country has a comparative advantage in (DFID 2002). Countries also benefit through access to foreign markets that allow for better exploitation of economies of scale (Kirkpatrick et al. 2004). Beyond the economic benefits, FDI can also contribute positively to the environment. Multinationals may contribute to climate change mitigation in important ways. They can play a greater role in the shift towards a low carbon economy. Multinationals may contribute to sustainable development through international transfer and diffusion of low-carbon technologies to the host country (Randaccio 2012).The cleaner production technologies used by multinationals may be absorbed by local firms (Randaccio 2012). In fact, the presence of international firms in developing countries may yield substantial environmental benefits, a process known as Pollution Halo effect (Randaccio 2012). As pointed out by Dean Lovely (2010), FDI may bring greener technology to a countrys fragmented sector. This is particularly evident with top Chinese firms which have benefited from environment spillover effects. A study by Marconi Sanna-Randaccio (2011) found that top Chinese firms used Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects in many areas to adopt technology provided by leading foreign firms. It is clear from the above that activities of international firms may contribute to sustainable development through international transfer of cleaner energy production technologies and through the transfer of financial resources and managerial skills to resource-constrained economies (Randaccio 2012) However, while such multinational firms may have positive socio-economic benefits and environmental spillover benefits in the host country, their activities may as well threaten sustainable development. The negative effects can be categorized into: scale effects, structural effects, production and distribution effects and regulatory effects. Scale effects While cross-border investments may increase the scale of production and consumption; it may as well have adverse social and environmental impacts. The increase in production may be accompanied by an increase in resource material use and higher levels of pollution (Kirkpatrick et al. 2004). Structural effects Structural changes in the economy of a country may occur as a result of trade liberalization (Kirkpatrick et al. 2004). Where such changes favour industries that extract less natural resources, the impact on sustainable development becomes positive (Kirkpatrick et al. 2004). However, where such changes favour industries that extract more of the natural resources, the effects occur in the opposite direction (Kirkpatrick et al. 2004). Production and distribution effects The transfer of production from the foreign country to the host country may have certain distributional effects in the host country. The consequent distributional effects between trading partners may be damaging to the environment (Kirkpatrick et al. 2004). In particular, trade liberalization may result in pollution havens (Smarzynska Wei 2004) Regulatory effects The regulatory effect may be positive or negative. A positive effect may occur where increase in trade may stimulate adoption of environmental standards whereas a negative effect may occur where policies and regulations are constrained by the need to comply with multilateral agreements (Kirkpatrick et al. 2004).. Fig.2 Impact of trade policy on sustainable development (Kirkpatrick et al. 2004). Although activities of international firms may have positive or negative impact on sustainable development, the overall trend that has been observed across the globe has been negative. In many countries, the viability of the ecosystems has been threatened by the activities of multinational firms.   Since most of these international firms are purely profit driven, their activities have led to the depletion of tropical forests, marine pollution, habitat destruction, and extinction of endangered species, land degradation and loss of crop cover (Moir Carter 2012). A prime example can be seen with Shell’s operations in Nigeria. Given the abundance of natural resources, particularly the vast reserves of petroleum, Nigeria has played host to oil multinationals (Kadafa 2012). The activities of Shell have turned hitherto productive areas into wastelands, adversely affecting the livelihoods of the local community who are predominantly small-scale farmers (Kadafa 2012). The loss of natural capital and degradation of land especially in the delta region has forced the affected delta community to migrate to other productive regions (Kadafa 2012). This has also heightened tensions between the local community and oil operating companies (Kadafa 2012). This notwistanding, gas flaring in the region has contributed significantly to greenhouse gases and air pollution which has had dire consequences on ecology. A similar scenario can be seen with the activities of Multinational oil companies in Angola. Oil exploration in Angola has also adversely affected fish farming in Cabinda (Agostinho et al 2005). Other popular examples include Exxon Valdez and BP oil spills, which have had the largest and most damaging impact on the environment. Ways in which government can seek to reduce the threat Governments have a greater role to play in reducing such threats. Governments can adopt a number of measures which include: Offering financial incentives to encourage environment friendly activities. Closely monitoring activities of international firms to ensure compliance with the set environment standards Ensuring adherence to the ‘polluter pay principle’ which require the person responsible for pollution to bear the cost (Harris 1995). Ensuring that areas under agriculture, forestry and aquaculture are managed sustainably (Carvalho 2001) Safeguarding endangered species and protecting their habitats (Carvalho 2001). Auditing environmental and social management systems of international firms (Harris 1995) Ensuring that multinationals have contingency plans in place to prevent the adverse impacts of their activities on environment Engaging and consulting with the local community when undertaking projects (Harris 1995) Requiring multinationals to disclose information on project risks and their approach to mitigation Ensuring a robust environment and social impact assessment (ESIA) is undertaken by international firms before commissioning of a project (Harris 1995) Promoting international trading system that enhances sustainable development. Conclusion It is clear from the above that the activities of international firms threaten sustainable development in a number of ways. Cross-border investments increase production which is accompanied by an increase in resource material use and higher levels of pollution. Trade liberalization may result in pollution havens. Also, environment policies and regulations may be constrained by the need to comply with multilateral agreements. On the contrary, the activities of international firms may contribute to sustainable development through international transfer of cleaner energy production technologies and transfer of financial resources and managerial skills to resource-constrained economies. The overall trend on sustainable development has however been negative. In many countries, the viability of the ecosystem has been threatened by the activities of multinational firms. Reference Anon, 2010. Republic of Angola national marine oil spill contigency plan. BCLME region Angola Carvalho, G.O., 2001. ‘Sustainable development: is it achievable within the existing international political economy context?’ Sustainable Development, 9, 61-73 Dean, J. M. and Lovely, M. E., 2010, Chinas Growing Role in World Trade, NBER Conference Report series. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, pp. 429-69, DFID,   2002. Sustainable Urbanisation: Achieving Agenda 21, UK Department for International Development and UN Habitat, Harris, G., 1995, ‘Transnational Corporations’ Strategic Responses to â€Å"Sustainable Development†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ , In: Helge Ole Bergesen, Georg Parmann, and Øystein B. Thommessen (eds.), Green Globe Yearbook of International Co -operation on Environment and Development 1995, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp.93–106. Kadafa, 2012. â€Å"Oil exploration and spillage in the Niger Delta of Nigeria†. Civil and Environmental Research, vol.2 (3) Kirkpatrick, C., George, C., Scrieciu, S.S., 2004. The implications of trade and investment liberalization for sustainable development: review of literature. The University of Manchester Marconi, D. and  Sanna-Randaccio, F., 2011, The Clean Development Mechanism and Technology Transfer to China. Social Science Electronic Publishing, Inc Moir, S. and Carter, K., 2012. ‘Diagrammatic representions of sustainability a review and synthesis’. In: Smith, S.D (Ed) Procs 28th Annual ARCOM Conference, Edinburgh, UK, Association of Researchers in Construction Management, 1479-1489. Randaccio, F.S., 2012. Foreign direct investment, multinational entreprises and climate change. Review of Environment, Energy and Economics Smarzynska J. B. and Wei, S.J., 2004, Pollution Havens and Foreign Direct Investment: Dirty Secret or Popular Myth?, Contributions to Economic Analysis Policy, 3: 1-32. World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987, Sustainabilty, Oxford University press

Abnormalities in returns and gains in financial markets Assignment

Abnormalities in returns and gains in financial markets - Assignment Example Questionable interests have been raised as a means of gaining an insight in causes of the abnormalities in the financial market studies. Much of the interest raised has been directed towards understanding the nature of the gains on both the two major types of offers. It is important to know whether the gains are truly anomalous or whether they are communal with the firms that are nonevent with features that are connected to the average returns. According to Famar & French (1993), book to market equity and size are the two variables believed to have connection with the average stock return (ASR). The long term buy and hold returns only apply for the size and this may result to the outcome being affected by additional variables that are common with the average return. Famar and French’s research aimed at comparing the half a decade period buy-and-hold gains on initial public offers that had gains on portfolios that matched the initial public offers on size and book to market equ ity. The two types of public offers were not considered in the research. The study led to helpful findings. A half decade relative wealth increased from a percentage of seven to about a hundred percent. The study showed that buy and hold gains on securities equity discount are almost equal to the one produced by the non event portfolios with common size and BE/ME. Independent studies conducted by different researchers led to the deduction that the two types of public offers were minimal growth stocks.

Charles Manson Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Charles Manson - Research Paper Example The presence of malice aforethought as implied by the conduct of the accused constitutes murder; thus, without malice the homicide becomes manslaughter. Apart from malice being a statutory requirement for murder, the unlawful killing must be of a human being; even though, what constitutes a person is controversial issue in law in US since the fourth amendment of the constitution does not recognise foetus as a person yet some states recognise foetus as human being (Carper, McKinsey and West 2008). Charles Manson was notoriously linked to the slaying Sharon Tate an actress and other Hollywood residents even though he was not convicted of carrying out the murders himself; moreover, he was associated with the famous ‘Tate-La Bianca’ killings that immortalised him as the embodiment of the evil. Manson together with his loyal disciples are believed to have carried out at least 35 killings that mainly were never tried because of the lack of proof or because the architects were sentenced for life for the Tate/La Bianca killings. At his birth, he was named as Charles Milles Maddox by his mother, who was at the time, was an alcoholic and a prostitute. The mother later got married to William Manson; nevertheless, the marriage was short-lived and Charles ended up in a boy school. Charles came back to his mother, but she was not interested in him and soon Charles commenced a street life surviving on petty crime (â€Å"Charles Manson†, n.d.). Probation reports revealed that he was suffered from high degree of rejection, psychic trauma and instability thus the struggle for a status; moreover, the reports indicated that he was dangerous, unpredictable and only safe under supervision. Since 1958, Manson was arrested and released for various offenses such as passing of stolen checks and ‘pimping’ which sent him to McNeil Island prison for ten years. While Manson was incarcerated, he discovered his creative talent, gained knowledge in reading musi c and playing guitar, and finally freed in March of 1967. The next year, Manson organized a murderous operation that made him a considerable figure in criminal history. Therefore, Manson indicates a personality trait of passion associated with cult groups, which emerged in 1960’s. He pathologically believed that he was the forerunner of doom regarding the future of the planet similar to the way cult and evangelistic figures claim prophetic knowledge of the end of the world. Drugs, artworks, and music that prevailed at the time influenced Manson; moreover, Manson had strong belief and interest in the concept of the Armageddon in the bible (â€Å"Charles Manson†, n.d.). The first victims of Manson’s criminal activities were guests at a Beverly Hills home that included Sharon Tate an actress of who was seven months pregnant, where Manson gathered most of his devoted followers to accomplish the task. Moreover, the next day, Manson initiated another killing spree at the home of a wealthy couple Leno La Bianca and his wife, for this task, Manson chose his most obedient comrades. Even though, Manson was never directly involved in the killings, he manipulated his disciples and taught them to kill (â€Å"Charles Manson†, n.d.). Developmental life-course considers crime as a product of developmental process that begins prior to birth and progresses throughout an individual’s life. The developmental-life course theory considers the interaction of individual factors like personality and social factors like

Electronic commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Electronic commerce - Essay Example It has also resulted to a difference in the way the companies relate to each other. The increased use of the internet has been contributed to by the need to perform business on line (Baye, Morgan, 2001). Various companies have managed to place their products on internet servers, where they have managed to advertise even using virtual brochures. In order for companies to attain competitive advantage, the virtual market should be untapped so as to reach so the many internet users (Baye, Morgan, 2001). Electronic commerce is defined as the buying and selling of goods, services or information through computer networks using the internet. E -commerce offers new ways of doing business that no company can ignore. Electronic commerce has brought with it several benefits, and it is also extremely convenient. Some of the benefits of e-commerce include; shortened remittance time, companies have managed to easily promote their product, both consumers and the companies have saved on the cost; it has enhanced the provision of timely information. E-commerce has also ensured a consistent flow of information; better customer relationship, it has enhanced the customization of products, and it has also brought with it the convenience of doing business (Baye, Morgan, 2001). ... The informational strategy has proved to be productive for most companies. An example showing the use of this strategy is Insight Direct, where a discount computer cataloger marketing mostly to business, obtains only 10 per cent of its deals from its on-line collection; however, such a company manages to get more than more 75 percent new customers from the site (Baye, Morgan, 2001). Another strategy used in e-commerce is the on-line or transactional strategy, which normally uses an electronic catalogue of goods for sale. Those visiting the site can normally go through the catalog and purchase products online. Despite the fact that the informational strategy provides an electronic catalogue and ordering information, it does not enhance online business transactions. The informational strategy does not, therefore, exploit the ability of the web to be used as an interactive medium. The transactional strategy is what most consumers relying on e-commerce would expect. In e-commerce for a c ompany to increase its overall performance, it is essential that the company establishes a website. This strategy may have a disadvantage, which is transaction insecurity. Online transactions have proved to be successful both for the small and medium sized companies. Such companies that have benefitted using this strategy include; the Virtual vine yards and Amazon.com. The use of the online transaction strategy has enhanced the growth of various enterprises; this is because the web has proved to be a potential money making vehicle that can be used in e-commerce (Baye, Morgan, 2001). The two strategies, however, have both advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of using the informational strategy include;

Analysing the business of Merck and Davanrik

Analysing the business of Merck and Davanrik The recommendation is that, Merck should license the new drug Davanrik. The company is facing serious situation that most of their drug patents are going to expire soon. For maintaining companys value and profit, it is vital to invest into new drug development. In the other part of the report, a preamble of Merck and Davanrik, decision support data and the answers of important questions are provided in detail. Merck The Company is discovering new innovative products and developing new indications for existing products the result of its continuing commitment to research (Annual Report, 2000). Several products face expiration of product patents in the near term. U.S. product patents expired in 2000 for Vasotec and Pepcid and will expire in 2001 for Prilosec, which is supplied exclusively to AZLP, Prinivil and Prinzide, for which co-marketing rights have been licensed to a third party, Mevacor and Vaseretic. In the aggregate, domestic sales of these products represented 19% of Merck human health sales for 2000 (Annual Report, 2000). The patent expiration can cause deeper drop in overall sales. (Mercks Consolidate Balance Sheet: See Appendix A) Davanrik Davanrik originally developed by Lab Pharmaceutical Company to treat depression. Lab Pharmaceutical offered Merck to license her new developing drug. Lab Pharmaceutical is only 15 years old company. FDA has recently denied to approval one of their drug which completed all three phases. In response to this decision, Lab lost 30% of her overall sales. As a result, LAB was hesitant to issue additional equity to finance the testing of Davanrik and was seeking a larger pharmaceutical company to license the drug and provided the following facilities: Needed Cash Fund for clinical testing Manufacturing and Marketing Royalty on the eventual sales of Davanrik Decision Support Data Merck The patent of Mercks most popular drug is going to expire by 2002 Expiration of Patent can cause a deeper drop in overall sales. Merck needs new drug development to maintain its values and refresh portfolio. The company sales reflect continuous growth in earnings. The success of Davanrik would keep Merck Company in the black for the following seven years, while the failure of Davanrik would ultimately force Merck Company to quickly develop other profit producing drugs. Davanrik and Merck Davanrik is drug compound for treatment of depression and neurological disorders. Its need 7 years or more to approve form FDA in three phases. Phase I would take 2 years. It was expected to cost $30 million, including an initial $5 million fee to Lab for licensing the drug. There was 60% chance that Davanrik would successfully complete Phase I Phase II would take 2 years. It was expected to cost $40 million, including $2.5 million fee to Lab. Phase III trial would cost $200 million including a $20 million payment to lab. Merck Co. should analyze the following different types of factors to make a decision to license Davanrik: Expected revenue Expect royalty fees to lab License fees for each phase Success probability at each phase Marketing cost Merck responsibility at each phase Phase I Testing would cost $30 million including $5 million to lab Total duration of phase 2 years Probability of Success 60% Phase II Testing would cost $40 million including $2.5 million to lab Total duration 2 years Probability of success for depression only 10%, for weight loss 15% and for both 5% Phase III Cost and success probability are depend on the result of phase II Testing would cost for depression only $200 million including $20 million to Lab and probability is 85% Testing would cost for weight loss only $150 million including $10 million to Lab and probability is 75% Testing would cost for both (Depression and Weight loss) $500 million including $40 million to Lab and probability is 70% Depression only cost $250 million to launch with a PV of $1.2 billion Weight loss only cost $100 million to launch with a PV of $345 million Both depression and weight loss would cost $400 million to launch with a PV of $2.25 billion Overall Failure Risk Questions and Answers Should Merck bid to license Davanrik? How much should they pay?   There is an extreme risk of failure in taking Davanrik. However, pharmaceutical drug producing industry does have to be risk seeking, because no any drug can get an approval. It is recommended that Merck Co. should accept Lab pharmaceutical offer for Davanrik. The expected value of Davanrik is around $14 millions. What is the expected value of the licensing arrangement to LAB? Assume a 5% royalty fee on any cash flows that Merck receives from Davanrik after a successful launch.   LAB would also receive a 5% royalty fee on any from future sales of Davanrik separate from the milestone payments and regardless of the costs associated with getting the drug to market. Expected value of the licensing arrangement to Lab: Phase I (100% chance of success): $5 million Phase II (60%): 2.5 million Phase III depression (10%): $20 million Phase III weight loss (15%): $10 million Phase III both (5%): $40 million Depression Success (85%): $1.2 billion * 0.05 Weight Loss Success (75%): $345 million * 0.05 Depression Success [Lower path] (15%): $1.2 billion * 0.05 Weight Loss Success [Lower path] (5%): $345 million * 0.05 Both Success (70%): $2.25 million * 0.05 How would your analysis change if the costs of launching Davanrik for weight loss were $225 million instead of $100 million as given in the case?   Analysis is depending on the success probabilities and failure risks. At phase III, there is only 5% chance of success on weight loss. BY using decision tools the values will be calculating again. What other issues should Merck consider in taking this decision?   Merck Co. should consider the cost of marketing, administration and overall sensitivity of each testing phase. The royalty, cost and overall failure risk is also vital factors to be considered for the decision. Merck should also consider that their drugs patents are going to expire and their many other drugs are not approved by the FDA. How has Merck been able to achieve substantial returns on capital given the large costs and lengthy time to develop a drug?   Merck Co. is a big and economically stable company which can afford large costs and lengthy time to develop a drug. In other hand Lab pharmaceutical is a small company which is not very flexible to handle such type of task. Research and Development is the strength of Merck. Once the drug approve, Merck can produce it for long time period. Appendix A Source: Mercks Annual Report 2000 Appendix B Source: Unknown

Death Penalty Essay -- essays research papers

In society today there are murders committed everyday. Everyday the people who commit these crimes are found guilty in a court of law and sentenced in prison. Some even get chances for parole. What the courts should do is take every murderer, give every one of them the death penalty, and follow through with it. The death penalty should be legal in all 50 states and carried through when given out as a sentence. Gary Gilmore faced a firing squad at the Utah State Prison on January 17, 1977. There have been 55 murders in that state during 1976. During 1977, in wake of the Gilmore execution, there were 44 murders: a 20 percent decrease. As you can see, the execution had some effect on the murder rate in Utah (Solotaroff 2001). There are very few proven facts about capital punishment decreasing crime at this time. This is so because capital punishment is not used enough to actually have an effect on people. It is a fact that of all murder sentences that 38 percent get the death penalty. Of that 38 percent only 0.1 percent are executed. If we use the death penalty more often and actually carry through with it, it will have an effect on the crime rate in the country. People will see that finally we have justice in this country and if they do this, there is a good chance they are going to be caught and they are going to receive the death penalty. We also need the death penalty in this country because if we execute the murderer that person has no chance to ever kill or harm another p...